5. AMAT’s Enterprise
Overview
AMAT is working within the higher a part of the semiconductor worth chain. It supplies the semiconductor trade with the equipment it wants to supply chips. The corporate employs 31,900 folks and generates a complete of $25B in annual income. AMAT manages most of its gross sales immediately, not counting on distributors.
The corporate focuses on tools for the semiconductor trade, but in addition for just a few different sectors. This contains Show (screens), Photo voltaic, Roll-to-Roll coating (digital printing on versatile movie), and Automation software program/Good Manufacturing unit.
Nearly 3/4 of revenues come from the semiconductors section. AMAT skilled explosive development within the 2020-2021 interval, earlier than coming again to the earlier development pattern:
| TTM | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semiconductors | – | $16.2B | $11.4B | $9B |
| Photo voltaic and others | – | $5.2B | $4.2B | $3.9B |
| Show | – | $1.6B | $1.6B | $1.7B |
| Whole | $25.2B | $23B | $17.2B | $14.6B |
A lot of the gross sales (86%) are to clients in Asia, notably China (33%), Korea (22%), Taiwan (20%), Japan (8%), and South-East Asia (3%).
AMAT’s headquarters is in Santa Clara, California. Its semiconductor-related merchandise are manufactured in California, Texas, Montana, Israel, and Singapore.
So whereas the corporate’s shoppers may be in Taiwan, China, or Korea its manufacturing services are in a lot safer areas. This makes AMAT a uncommon haven of security relating to geopolitical threat within the semiconductor trade.
If something occurred to AMAT’s shoppers in East Asia (like a China-Taiwan warfare), the lack of income could be offset by an enormous and panicked build-up of capability in different areas.
AMAT’s Moats
Apart from its security from a geopolitical viewpoint, AMAT is a high-quality firm.
It’s a main provider within the trade and sells on to essentially the most distinguished corporations within the sector. 20% of its enterprise is finished with Samsung, 15% with TSMC, and a bit beneath 10% with Intel.
The trade is inherently “moaty”, nearly as good merchandise result in a dominance of the market, resulting in extra income, giving extra money to maintain innovating, and resulting in extra dominance. The identical dynamic that has led TSMC to regulate half of the trade income is at play with AMAT.
The trade calls for extraordinarily excessive ranges of capital and experience, making it tough for rivals to enter.
On high of this “basic” moat, you may add the substitution price. Any rivals must show an impressive superiority to an current person of AMAT’s instruments. Something lower than that may make the dangers of substitution too excessive.
The one threat for AMAT’s market place could be a technological shift away from its present and future choices.
If we’re to imagine the corporate’s administration, this isn’t a risk however a chance. The corporate appears to be the chief within the yet-to-be-implemented subsequent technological progress.
The main expertise roadmap inflections—together with Gate All Round transistors, Bottom Energy Distribution Networks, new supplies for interconnect and make contact with, and Heterogeneous Integration of chips and chiplets—are enabled by supplies engineering the place Utilized Supplies is the chief, and this shifts extra {dollars} to our accessible market over time.
As I stated, I’m not a semiconductor engineer, so I’m actually not certified to guage if AMAT is really the chief in “Bottom Energy Distribution Networks” or “Heterogenous Integration”. However contemplating Samsung, TSMC and Intel are at the moment trusting AMAT to ship excessive efficiency, I feel we are able to count on them to remain the identical within the subsequent 3-5 years at the very least.
AMAT’s Operations
The corporate is providing instruments and software program for just about each step of the chip manufacturing course of. It’s spending a big $2.5B/12 months in R&D, up from $2.2B in 2020 and $2B in 2019.
As AMAT merchandise embody the entire actions of a foundry, they’ll additionally provide built-in options. Every of its equipment traces will be built-in with one another, utilizing AMAT’s software program. That creates an incentive for consumers so as to add extra AMAT merchandise.
This degree of synergy makes the substitution prices an particularly robust moat. Changing an AMAT device or software program can imply redesigning a complete a part of the foundry operation, retraining technicians, ironing out bugs, needing further checks to detect faults within the chips produced, and so on.
Advertising & gross sales operations are remarkably lean, with a complete price of solely $0.6B in 2021, in comparison with the $23B in gross sales. Or a gross sales cost-to-revenues ratio of simply 2.6%. It appears to me that at this level, gross sales are extra based mostly on established relationships, repute, and innovation quite than on the sale course of itself. As a result of the trade is dominated by a comparatively small variety of established producers, current relationships matter greater than growing new clients.
Equally, overhead is simply $0.6B. Because of this the corporate may scale up gross sales as much as its most manufacturing capability with out a lot improve in gross sales or administrative prices.
General, AMAT operation appears very environment friendly, with a really lean gross sales and administrative aspect, and a lot of the cash going to innovation and sustaining excessive margins (extra on that within the valuation chapter).
AMAT Investments
Counting on its experience with silicon and manufacturing on the nanometer scale, AMAT can be investing in promising corporations. The corporate invests round $100M per 12 months in startups by means of its Enterprise Funding Department.
AMAT has at the moment invested in a enterprise portfolio of 90 totally different corporations. An entire evaluation of this portfolio would flip right into a report in itself, so I must hold it quick.
What I discover fascinating is the presence of next-generation computing expertise, like printed electronics, silicon photonics, and optical communication (through lasers). It is usually touching new fields, like 3D printing/additive manufacturing, lithium-ion batteries, and electrical motors.
It’d appear to be a really numerous portfolio, however each single one in all these ventures depends on exact, atomic-level re-arranging of matter. That very same area has been the middle of AMAT’s experience for the reason that Nineteen Sixties. So whereas purposes would possibly diverge, that is truly proper on the core competency of the corporate. AMAT is uniquely certified to guage startups in these industries.
Fairly just a few of those startups have been acquired, providing AMAT profitable exits.
Whereas that is absolutely worthwhile, I feel it may very well be fascinating for shareholders to perhaps see the corporate going all in for at the very least one new software, including a brand new section to the present photo voltaic+show+semiconductors. 3D printing tools has essentially the most potential in my view.
AMAT can be partnering with a number of universities, analysis institutes, and corporations. These partnerships appear to work along with enterprise funding in fields like battery expertise, 3D printing, and medical remedies utilizing nanotechnology.
AMAT Outlook
AMAT’s moat from a provide chain and expertise viewpoint appears to be like safe. So how is the enterprise outlook?
Whereas I assume new foundries constructed up all around the world needs to be excellent news, I most popular to examine it up. I discussed AMAT revenues jumped in 2021, and so did its backlog:
| 2021 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|
| Semiconductor | $6.7B | $2.9B |
| Photo voltaic and others | $4.3B | $2.6B |
| Show | $0.7B | $1.1B |
| Whole | $11.7B | $6.6B |
Regardless of the commonly cooling international economic system, the backlog has solely grown. At this level, it’s past 12 months, with AMAT shoppers offering longer than normal visibility about future demand. And that was earlier than the USA determined to offer a further $50B in subsidies for brand new foundries.
We count on Utilized to stay provide constrained for the subsequent a number of quarters, we’re working by means of our very substantial backlog of orders which supplies a buffer to in-year demand fluctuations and, as well as, clients are offering us with longer-term visibility and commitments in response to their very own clients’ actions to lock within the strategic capability they want.
The Twelve-Trailing-Months (TTM) revenues additionally appear to point that demand shouldn’t be slowing down. The one sector slowing down is Show, which is smart as individuals are shopping for fewer TVs and computer systems.
I feel the necessity to enhance the effectivity of present foundries was a giant cause for the leap in gross sales in 2021, together with AMAT’s shoppers being flush with money and overwhelmed by demand.
As a result of customers of chips are additionally prone to begin constructing a a lot bigger stock, I feel chip demand goes to remain considerably elevated for some time, at the very least outdoors of the buyer digital markets. This could give AMAT’s shopper the money and confidence wanted to go ahead with the plans for brand new foundries.
So going ahead, the demand might be pushed by the necessity to hold present foundries working, together with constructing new ones.